Henry was having a secret affair with Boleyn, and he hoped she might bear him a son. Isabella believed that only Catholicism could unite the separate provinces of Spain. But Francis would never again be as successful as he was at the end of 1516. Below you will find a complete list of Questions included in Peerless Scholar trivia and their answer along with a guide on how to take part in the event. 1300-1500: France: Frankish kingdom > France/Germany: rise of France: Hundred Years' War > French unification: Germany: Holy Roman Empire: England: Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Anglo . Assassinated in 1610 by a Catholic fanatic, Henry was followed by his young nine-year-old son Louis XIII (16011643; ruled 161043). Capitalism is considered one of the major contributions of the Renaissance. Eventually feudalism (a term derived from the medieval Latin word feudum, meaning "fee") spread throughout Europe and served as a unifying institution for all aspects of life. answer choices. Henry VIII is now considered the true Renaissance prince. The Italian Wars were continued with renewed vigor under King Francis I (14941547; ruled 151547), who became known as a Renaissance prince during his long reign. The Napoleonic Code of 1804 was MOST important in World History because it. Trait 2: ++10% Wood Gathering Speed. The three main conflicts were the Edwardian War (134060), won by English king Edward III; the Caroline War (136989), won by French king Charles V (13371380; ruled 136480); and the Lancastrian War (141535), won by French king Charles VII (14031461; ruled 142261). The war between Spain and France continued until 1559, when Italy was placed under Habsburg rule by the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrsis. In late 1520, Francis secretly backed an assault on Luxembourg By the late 1640s, the Catalans had tired of French rule, and Haro offered to restore Catalan privileges. They provided the basis for the elegant architectural style developed by Christopher Wren (16321723) later in the century. Great Britain was born on the first of May, 310 years ago. By the mid-1500s, between 350,000 and 400,000 Moriscos were living in the Spanish provinces. Hopes of cooperation and compromise were dashed, however, when the Puritans demanded that the church get rid of bishops (heads of church districts), whom they regarded as popish obstacles to true reform. According to the map, Italy in the early 19th century was. They were permitted to practice their Muslim faith under a policy called taqiyya (pronounced tah-KEE-yah). The Spaniards took 127 Ottoman ships and thousands of soldiers and seamen. Following Mary' death, Philip II had suggested that he marry Eliza beth. Parr and Anne of Cleves outlived Henry, who died in 1547. The English made three assaults on the Spanish, but they did not inflict any serious damage. In 1441 an expedition returned from the Rio de Ouro region of Africa with a cargo of captured slaves, thus beginning the African slave trade, which continued into the nineteenth century. Yet Elizabeth is best remembered for her accomplishments, such as strengthening the Anglican Church and keeping government finances stable. One of the first to seek the Northwest Passage was John Cabot, an Italian navigator financed by King Henry VII of England. Which of these commanders carries a bow and arrows as well as a sword? Shortly after becoming king, Henry enacted a pro-Spanish and anti-French policy. Jane died of complications following childbirth, but Henry waited until 1540 to marry again. Other notable leaders fled to safety in Germany. In 1512 he invaded the kingdom of Navarre and incorporated it into Aragon. ." On December 24, 1568, Moriscos in Granada staged a rebellion and fought royal armies for nearly two years. Meanwhile, as the Reformation gained momentum in France, extreme bitterness developed between French families that had backed the Huguenot cause and those that had remained Catholic. In 1520 Wolsey, Henry's principal adviser, attempted to bring peace to Europe by arranging the Treaty of London, but this scheme was not workable. Before leaving Spain in 1520, he appointed Adrian Florensz as regent of Spain. and defeating England in the Hundred Years' War. Medina-Sidonia was an army commander, so he protested that he was unqualified to lead a naval fleet. The king personally commanded English This policy continued for more than twenty years. The queen died two years later. Renaissance ideas had dominated his education. The Rise of Monarchies: France, England, and Spain He recalled Alba and replaced him with Luis de Requesens (pronounced ray-kay-SAINS; The Hundred Years' War was not actually a single war that Archaeologists discover 300 burials in ancient Merovingian necropolis. Since the thirteenth century all Holy Roman Emperors had come from the house of Habsburg. Dvelopp par Lilith Games, Rise of Kingdoms est un These lords were constantly fighting among themselves. A: Greek . Francia. Charles's victory started a rivalry among the three young kings that was to last for the rest of their lives. Among the reforms they demanded were simplified services, less elaborate church music, simpler vestments (robes worn by clergymen), and more preaching. Of course, the ancient kingdoms of England and Scotland had been in existence on the island of Great Britain for nearly a thousand years, and for a substantial part of that time, the kings, queens, and peoples of each country fought - sometimes with each other, but often against each other in several conflicts. During the Lancastrian War religious mystic Joan of Arc led French forces in victories against the English (see "France" section previously in this chapter). from Flanders. Under the last of the Valois kings, Charles IX (15501574; ruled 156074) and Henry III (15511589; ruled 157489), a series of fierce religious civil wars devastated France. Although aware of The other European powers now had land and a certain amount of income from their colonies, but they still did not have what they wanted: the spices, sugar, and precious metals owned by Spain and Portugal. Although Elizabeth had encountered numerous problems during her long reign, she showed an uncanny ability to retain the love of her people. In 1620 Frederick lost the throne of Bohemia (he was nicknamed the "Winter King" because he ruled for only one winter) and was stripped of all his territories in the Holy Roman Empire. $49.95 Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The troubled young man was finally locked away in a tower, where he went on a series of hunger strikes and died later in the year. Their attempts to conquer and colonize these new lands were the beginning of what is known today as a global economy. Indeed, it seemed to many Europeans that "God had turned into a Spaniard" by 1584. While they were less numerous in Catalonia, Castile, Estremadura, and Andalusia, Moriscos comprised about one-fifth of the population (50,000 people) in Aragon and one-third of the population (100,000 people) of Valencia. Edward was returned to the throne. In 1526 he inherited the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia when the Ottoman Turks killed King Louis, the ruler of those provinces. The only lasting outcome of the meeting was a new translation of the Bible, which was prepared by both Anglican and Puritan scholars and published in 1611. Cranmer's first English-language Book of Common Prayer (text used in Anglican worship services) was introduced in 1549. In 1601 he attempted to stage a coup (overthrow of government) that would oust Cecil's party and put his own party in power around the queen. and the southwestern United States. Two years later, Philip issued a royal proclamation condemning William of Orange as an outlaw and the main source of unrest in the Netherlands. Attempts were made to colonize Virginia, the territory in North America named in Elizabeth's honor (she was called the "Virgin Queen"). By this time the Protestant Reformation, a movement to reform the Roman Catholic Church, was sweeping Europe. This is where the country of France is today and the name for France comes from the Franks. At the end of the tenth century, Hugh Capet (c. 938996; ruled 98796) founded the line of French kings that ruled the country for the next eight hundred years. Although the English maintained control of Calais until 1558, they were never again a serious threat to French sovereignty, or independent rule. Francis begged to be taken from Naples to Spain, and he was placed under house arrest in Madrid for over a year. During the first twenty years of Philip's reign, the Ottoman Empire was the most serious threat to Spanish world power. He marched his army through Mexico in 1519 to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitln (modern-day Mexico City). Relations between France and Germany, or Franco-German relations form an integral part of the wider politics of Europe.Both countries are among the founders and the main leading Member states of the European Union and its predecessor the European Communities since its inception in 1958 with the signing of the Treaty of Rome.. General relations between the two countries since 1871, according to . One of the major differences involved a new interpretation of communion, a Christian religious ceremony in which bread and wine are changed, respectively, into the body and blood of Jesus of Nazareth, also called Christ. The king was competing with Francis I of France and Charles I of Spain for the coveted position of emperor (see "France" section previously in this chapter). In 1554 he formed an alliance between Spain and England by arranging for his son Philip II (15271598; ruled 155698) to marry the Catholic English queen, Mary I (see "England" section previously in this chapter). In 2022, the game reached its peak. when he began competing against Charles I, the young king of Spain. coast of North America. Ferdinand and Isabella also took over a municipal league known as the Santa Hermandad (Holy Brotherhood), which had provided mutual assistance and protection to its members for several centuries. Ferdinand and Isabella were able to centralize most of the government, although Aragon successfully resisted any changes that would increase royal authority. The reign of Charles and his family, the Anjous, was called the Angevin (pronounced AHN-jeh-vehn) dynasty. The Spanish had rights to all lands west of the longitudinal Line of Demarcation, while Portugal could claim everything to the east. In 1474 the king and queen started the Spanish Inquisition to enforce Christianity as the sole religion of Spain. He also formed marriage alliances for his children with the royal families of England and the house of Habsburg (a royal family in Austria). Yet there was a darker side to the gallant French king. Nevertheless, Spain's empire was never seriously threatened on land. On March 30, 1492, heeding the advice of Torquemada, the king and queen ordered all Jews to leave Spanish territory by July 30. He realized that England did not have the financial resources to fund any involvement in a war. They knew that Although it was called the King James Bible, James himself had little to. All lands to the east would belong to Portugal and all lands to the west would belong to Spain. The meme disagrees with this statement and uses Israel as an example. Henry and Anne Boleyn had been secretly married in January, and their daughter Elizabeth was born the following September. 1861. Medina-Sidonia realized that staging an invasion was now out of the question. In the New World, Spanish conquistadors accomplished the "taming of America" by subduing various Native American groups. The two great civilizations of the New World, the Aztecs and the Incas, were conquered by these explorers, who killed the native leaders and placed themselves in the existing top social class. Eventually, the Dutch East India Company took over every Portuguese-controlled point between the Malabar Coast and the Chinese city of Macao. His men won a few Royal Family of Liechtenstein. Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library. She did not call herself Supreme Head, possibly because it was believed a woman could not head a church. Not long after Columbus's discovery of the New World in 1492, Pope Alexander VI ordered that the newly discovered lands be divided between Spain and Portugal. Although the monasteries were reported to be corrupt, many historians believe Parliament used this as an excuse, in 1536, to order the smaller houses closed. Nationality: France. Infuriated that the pope had sided with France, Charles sent his Spanish and German troops into Rome in 1527. Originally employed as a designer of costumes and stage sets, Jones was commissioned by James to erect a new Banqueting House in Whitehall. The situation changed after 1474, however, when Pope Sixtus IV (14141484; reigned 147184) gave. About one hundred thousand fled to Portugal, but they were soon driven out because Portugal had entered into an alliance with Spain. A Spaniard '' by subduing various Native American groups marched his army through Mexico in to. 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rise of kingdoms france and germany were both once part of what kingdom