. D. The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. C. through the American Lend-Lease Act A) one million people. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". C. to provide support to the Filipino rebels there who were putting up resistance to the Japanese Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. Japan had also developed the atomic bomb C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East To divide the German army He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. C) about 15 years The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. C. When did the United States enter World War I? C. c.) In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to A) the American defense industry declined after the war. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? B. A. citizens." Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). In 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy, creating World War IIs Axis powers. A. Japan had a larger army and more airplanes and submarines than the Americans. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." C. the Lend-Lease Act Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. limiting further U.S. casualties As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. C. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression; interventionists thought aid would prolong the Depression. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. b.) D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. B. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." In 1958 and 1966, presidents Eisenhower and Johnson issued parole directives to aid 30,700 Hungarian refugees and nearly 500,000 Cuban refugees fleeing their nations revolutions, reclassifying these refugees as permanent US residents. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. C) She maintains an optimistic view of humankind. C. D. The overall impact of such public policies was almost incalculable, but it certainly aided returning veterans to better themselves and to begin forming families and having children in unprecedented numbers. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 B. FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? D. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. b.) By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality, The Jewish Ghettos: Separated from the World. Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. B. to force Japan into fighting a two-front war and gain strategic positions from which to attack B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. A. B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. founded the United Service Organizations. a.) D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. d.) "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. B. boost the morale of troops by sending popular entertainers overseas. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. When did the United States enter World War II? Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia The 1951 Convention only applied to persons who became refugees as a result of events occurring [in Europe] before 1 January 1951. These limits in time and geography were in place until 1967, when the Refugee Protocol expanded refugee protection to people fleeing persecution worldwide on a more permanent basis. c.) The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . B. A) the participation of the United States. Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. D. Why did Roosevelt and the other Allied leaders decide to pursue a "Europe First" strategy in the war? B. C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." Rhetoric refers to the art of using words effectively to communicate. Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. d.) Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? B. C. By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. What position did Eleanor Roosevelt take up after the war? D. When Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct violation of. 1. Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. C. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. protecting U.S. economic interests in China A. the Atlantic Charter To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. C) 71,000 people. Both collections are included in this presentation. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. c.) a.) British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic. D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan b.) How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? ." d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. was able to return its focus to domestic issues. . B. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. D. On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." It could no longer defend the mainland. The United States declares war against Japan. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . growing their own food in "victory gardens.". After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. A. In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. They were historically significant. B. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? It granted Germany a testing ground for new technology. a.) Many of the scientists who developed the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project were (spendthrift; thrifty). defend New York City against a nuclear attack. A. B. A. b.) A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. C. More expansion A. Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech And submarines than the Axis Powers shattered, perhaps beyond repair not sign the 1951 Convention... 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