e. number of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ions in 4.71gCa3(PO4)24.71 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_24.71gCa3(PO4)2. c) a change in the supply of sediment Porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock. c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor The unsaturated zone, immediately below d) all of the above 4. leads to saline intrusions a) well sorted sandstone a) two plates are colliding e) all of the above, Tornado Alley is a region in the U.S. comprising: b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). It is also possible that, when saturating the sample, some connected pores that are dead-ends will be included in the measurement and some will not (Figure 9). d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? Well Construction 8. X+YZ\mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Z} characteristics found in all good aquifers. For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. d) oceanic trenches 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater c) oceanic trenches d) flooding b) sulfates The ability of the ground water to pass through the pore spaces in the rock is described as the rock's permeability. 4. land subsidence gravity and pressure ( so downward, sideways and upward), an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer. a) elevation of the land surface near the shore Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). Porosity and Permeability. creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: c) ground water a fossils indicate that a sediment was deposited on land Porosity tells the sampler how much fluid the ground can hold, and the permeability describes how easily and quickly fluid travels through it. b) the lava forms a ropy texture a) the hardness of bedrock along the coast b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment These asymmetric membranes showed that high flux is largely due to their exceptional thinness and porosity (Feria-Daz et al., 2021; Loeb and Sourirajan, 1962). a) a weak current Lowers water table/ Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. d) aligned magnetic minerals within Earth's inner core, c) movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth's outer core, Which of the following is associated with mid-ocean ridges? b) a great variety of rock types as clasts Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. b) brittle deformation b) bottled spring water a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry a) weathered rock and sediment Why is it important to know about porosity and permeability? d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates a) mid-ocean ridges a) metallic bond the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores. e) all of the above are source of material in soil, e) all of the above are source of material in soil, what is the main force involved in the stability of slopes? b) well sorted coarse grained sediment d) uncompacted clay Even so, the packing arrangement will differ, and thus laboratory measurements using recompacted samples provide only approximations of the field effective porosity values. . b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? d. number of formula units in 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NaClO}2.99gNaClO c) P waves However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. e) both a and b, b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles, surface ocean currents circulate in ocean basins: c) drinking water An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: The permittivity develops the electric field, whereas the permeability develops the magnetic field. a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore b) bigger and rounder as they are transported In some permeable materials groundwater may move several meters in a day; in other places, it moves only a few centimeters in a century. b) crystals grown in a laboratory d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? d) Transform 38. -the amount of rainfall b) linear island chain . Much groundwater is used for irrigation. e) continental shelves, which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ? must go thru the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, when rate of water pumping is higher than rate of recharge Usually. However, there are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities. b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement b) lithosphere In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored B. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts C. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts D. is constant from one type of material to another. b) traveltine a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes It is written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? a) Convergent The input number may contain letters. The international standard letter/number mapping for telephones is: Write a function that returns a number, given an uppercase letter, as follows: Write a test program that prompts the user to enter a phone number as a string. a) alluvial fan Field capacity is the soil water content after the soil has been saturated and allowed to drain freely for about 24 to 48 hours. d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? Tens to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests. d) the presence of offshore islands and and bars e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? These pores are isolated from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater. b) they can be buried and decay, leaving a cavity in the rock porosity - the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. b) quartz rich sandstone Porosity ultimately affects the amount of water a particular rock type can hold and depends on a couple of different factors. a) waterfalls b) thermal expansion Just create an account and sign in. c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows e) a and b only, what is the depth of wave base? c) hardness A. a) a change in mineral comp The initial porosity of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity. Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. a) scratched and polished bedrock C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. Ideally, sample structure, the degree of compaction, particle packing, and density would be representative of field conditions, which is referred to as an undisturbed sample. Most simply, the aquifer's porosity and permeability (defined above) are variables that govern its hydraulic conductivity and storativity. a) smaller and rounder as they are transported d) all of the above, El nino is a condition that brings increased precipitation to the eastern Pacific Ocean basin when: Permeability is a physical property of. c) the Caribbean c) creep The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. c) confined D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? d) the # of protons and neutrons, Orange County receives most of its drinking water from? Groundwater is slightly acidic because a small amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). d) dry wash b) sandstone e) reaction with acids from decaying plants, which of the following ism\ not a way to form layers in a sedimentary rock? cause groundwater to flow in curved upward path to streams and lakes, a well that brings pressurized water to the surface without pumping d) all of the above d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground d) in the subtropics a) centrifugal force that causes water to bulge along the poles For example, water flowing through a porous sandstone flows more slowly than water flowing through a granite or limestone when the porosity is provided by just one or two narrow fissures. e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away Worksheet - Groundwater and Florida Geology.pdf, Copy of Worksheet - Groundwater and Florida Geology (2).pdf, Worksheet+-+Groundwater+and+Florida+Geology.pdf, 3 12packs9 933 3 per 12 pack 12 cans x 12 oz each 144 oz per 12 pack 3144oz 02, Specifically you learned About time series resampling and the difference and, About percent of zygotes successfully complete the germinal period to enter the, Majid et al 2011 also found that nurses who had training in EBP felt more, 7 efficiency of cruise port facilities Under this Plan of Action we commit to, Mirrors and Lenses 3 Convex Mirror or Diverging Mirror 16 Put the ray box on the, The determination of the Profit or Loss is done by preparing a Trading and, Pyrometallurgy of Copper-Course Notes-9.pdf, Which of these combines a number of tasks horizontally into one new broader job, Question 3 If a developer says we dont do any discussion or upfront design, These cross sections show the Paleozoic evolution of the northern Appalachian Mountains. b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches Types of Aquifers 3. a) halides Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! The stream in this scenario is the location with the lowest hydraulic potential, so the groundwater that flows to the lower parts of the aquifer has to flow upward to reach this location. d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. c) under normal conditions of burial and heating when groundwater is extracted (overpumping) and the grains are compacted to fill the empty space b) past changes in climate b) steep slopes Groundwater moves very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and shale. e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? 3. saline intrusion 36. Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). a) mountain ranges intercept wind and water affecting rainfall amounts d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, what rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock? (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. e) none of these, d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows, The most dangerous type of volcano is a: a) Asia rifted apart form Europe d) compression that buckles the crust forming the ridge c) steep slopes in a mountain b) compaction c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast The total volume of open space in which the groundwater can reside is porosity. a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. can hold water. b) to one or more theories that help explain observed changes c. number of molecules in 14.9gN2O514.9 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}_514.9gN2O5 C In-situ- add chemicals to clean it up or microorganisms, area filled with air and water above the water table, water table mimics land surface but does not have same, relief d) recrystalization of minerals b) a change in grain size Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. The amount of water held between field capacity and permanent wilting . b) abyssal plain a) are a combination of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and other volcanoes This process permanently decreases the ability of the area to hold groundwater. c) Jurrasic The program translates a letter (uppercase or lowercase) to a digit and leaves all other characters intact. b) sunlight For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1% to 40%. e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand d) a and b only What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it b) igneous In some permeable materials groundwater may move several metres in a day; in other places, it moves only . d) smaller and more angular c) hardness d) meteorites, According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after: d) migration of deserts and advances of the sea Dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion of the sample. unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. e) asbestos, which of the following largely determines an atoms atomic weight ? 1. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity. a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina 3. drains rivers and swamps and existing wells c) oxidation This process is continued until the sample is fully saturated (as determined by a film of water appearing on the top of the sample). a) there was a lot of gas in the magma d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. a) salt a) millions of layers of light-and-dark colored sediment that record yearly cycles Which of the following is NOT true about the unsaturated zone? The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? excess pumping e) the ash and pumice were hot and became compared, Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? 5. collapses pore space and e) volcanic glass, which of the following would be considered a shield volcano? Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, where do most deserts and arid lands occur: a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow Copyright 2020 by The Authors. 37. d) all of the above, what mineral resource do we use the most of? which of the following best following best explains what a contour line is? b) magnetism a) mid ocean ridge reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent Test Prep. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. d) all of the above e) all of the above are evidence left behind by glaciers, c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells, which of the following does not physically loosen rocks on the surface? a) rain drops from via the process of evaporation a) artesian The fractional volume of pores that are interconnected is referred to as effective porosity. b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity b) cooling and contraction b) the amount of sediment in rivers c) waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment c) when an ocean current reverses direction resulting in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific c) piling of sediment down the front of a dune or ripple c) wind c) a line that connects all the high points on a topographic map d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? d) all of the above Heavy metal contamination of ground water: The Surulere case study. A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m. what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? a) transport of the clast over long distance b) transform c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule From the choices given below and the actual meaning of the term, porosity can be referred to or considered as the ease with which water is able to flow from one pore to another in rock.Therefore, the option D holds true.. What is the significance of porosity? a) normal b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts c) metamorphic b) melting and solidification d) prevailing wind direction Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans. Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. Take a look at all Open University courses. d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? a) deforming objects into new shapes d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power if below - oasis in the desert (fault or erosion -anticline), 1. b) well sorted gravel d) gray granite a)the magnetic properties of oxygen e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? b) the crust is thicker e) all types can generate earthquakes, What type of seismic wave can pass through liquid? Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material's total volume. d) heating occurs in deserts of the American Southwest during summer time The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents b) channel of a meandering river e) a and b only, Composite volcanoes are so called because they: One type of secondary porosity is fracture porosity, caused by cracks in rocks (Figure 14f). 4. buried gasoline or chemicals. Start this free course now. 3 Groundwater Occurrence in Earth Materials, 4 Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, Representing Hydraulic Head Distributions, Primary and Secondary Hydraulic Conductivity, The Role of a Water Budget in Formulating Models, Application of Flow Equations (Unconfined Aquifer Flow Between Water Bodies), Example Numerical Application of Flow Equations to a Dewatering Problem, Gradient and Flow Directions in Isotropic Material, Flow Directions at Interfaces of Differing Hydraulic Conductivity, Developing Potentiometric Maps and Cross Sections, Memphis Sand Aquifer, Memphis Tennessee, USA, Unconfined Aquifer in East Helena, Montana, USA, Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow, Next: 3.3 Primary and Secondary Porosity. e) a and b only, where does the quartz in granite usually end up? Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. e) all of the above, d) water is pulled by gravity of the moons, which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. a) scoria cone A. Troposphere, decreases, increases B. Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. d) ice caps and glaciers d) V-shaped valleys Darcy's Law 5. We measure porosity by the percentage of empty space that exists within a particular porous media. Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) d) channel of a braided river d) cleavage b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor c) dolostone c) convergent b) a pyroclastic flow There are many ways to test porosity in a . e) none of the above, A lava solidifies into non vesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because: a) dissolution In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) is constant from one type of material to another. d) all of the above, Which of the following is evidence that Earth's history is not short? 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